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Colloidal lead-acid battery

Colloidal electrolyte technology

The core of the colloidal battery lies in its unique electrolyte structure. Inside the battery, high-quality colloid is prepared using gaseous silica. Silica gel particles serve as the framework to form a three-dimensional porous network structure, enclosing the electrolyte inside and achieving a gel-fixed state. After the electrolyte becomes a gel state, it does not flow or leak, ensuring uniform reactions across all parts of the plates and eliminating the common acid liquid stratification phenomenon found in traditional lead-acid batteries. The electrolyte concentration is uniform and low, with a weak corrosive effect on the plates, thereby extending the service life of the battery at the structural level.

Extremely low self-discharge and long-term storage

The gel battery has an internal resistance that is only one-tenth of that of a conventional lead-acid battery. It has an extremely low self-discharge rate and no memory effect. When stored at room temperature for one year, its capacity can still maintain 90% of the nominal capacity. This indicator is at the international advanced level. At the same time, it has a long storage period. Some products have an extremely low self-discharge rate and are suitable for long-term independent storage for more than two years (at 20℃), making it highly suitable for off-grid energy storage scenarios that require long-term power backup.

Outstanding charging and discharging performance

The colloidal battery has excellent charging and discharging cycle performance, and can withstand repeated charging and discharging processes without significant loss. The high-capacity colloidal battery can be charged at a current value of 0.3 - 0.4 CA, and the regular charging time is only 3 - 4 hours, which is only 1/4 of the charging time of ordinary lead-acid batteries. It can also be charged quickly at a current value of 0.8 - 1.5 CA, and the quick charging time is less than 1 hour. The large current discharge performance is also excellent. The internal resistance of the electrolyte is extremely small, and it can generally be discharged at a current value of 0.6 - 0.8 CA. The short-time discharge capacity of the power battery can reach 15 - 30 CA.

Deep discharge and self-recovery capability

The gel battery has strong capabilities for full charging and full discharging. Multiple repeated deep charging and discharging, even full charging and full discharging, have little impact on the battery. The lower limit protection of 10.5V (nominal voltage 12V) can be cancelled or reduced, which is crucial for energy storage and power applications. In addition, the gel battery has a strong self-recovery ability, with a large rebound capacity and a short recovery time. It can be used again just a few minutes after being fully discharged, making it particularly suitable for emergency backup power scenarios.

Wide temperature adaptability

Colloid batteries can operate normally within a wide temperature range of -50℃ to +60℃, while ordinary lead-acid batteries experience a significant capacity drop when used in environments below -18℃. Some high-performance products that adopt solid gel locking electrolyte technology, combined with calcium alloy plates and solid lead coating technology, can ensure stable output under extreme temperatures. Colloid batteries with anti-freezing liquid formulations can even start and discharge normally in extremely cold environments of -40℃, and their cold resistance performance far exceeds that of traditional lead-acid batteries.

Maintenance-free and environmentally friendly design

The colloidal battery adopts the gas re-chemicalization technology, featuring extremely high sealing reaction efficiency, no acid fog emission, safety and environmental friendliness, and no pollution. During daily use, it basically requires no maintenance and does not need to add electrolyte regularly. With special design and reliable sealing technology, it ensures battery sealing and is safe and reliable to use. The gel agent is aerogel silica, which is a high-purity nano-powder material, and has functions such as thickening, anti-caking, and controlling the rheology of the system.

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The characteristics of lead-acid gel batteries

The colloidal battery energy storage system offers a wide range of capacity specifications according to different application scenarios:

Specification of individual battery

Parameter Item Typical Value

Single-cell voltage 2V / 6V / 12V

Capacity range 7Ah–3000Ah (covering from small-capacity UPS to large-scale energy storage stations)

Float charging design life 12–20 years (varies by model and series)

Operating temperature range -50℃~+60℃

Cycle life More than 500 deep charge and discharge cycles (exceeding national standard of 350 cycles)

Self-discharge rate Monthly self-discharge ≤ 3%

Charging time (normal) 3–4 hours

Charging time (fast) < 1 hour

One-year storage at normal temperature capacity retention rate ≥ 90%

Sealing reaction efficiency ≥ 99%

System integration features

· System energy efficiency: ≥ 85% - 90% (depending on charging and discharging rate and operating conditions)

· Protection level: IP54 - IP55 (for outdoor cabinets)

· Earthquake resistance: Complies with the requirements of an 9-degree seismic intensity

· Can be connected in a group: Supports multiple sections of 2V large-capacity batteries connected in series or parallel, suitable for large-scale energy storage stations and data centers

· Special for underground installation: Some gel battery products are equipped with waterproof leads and can be directly buried for installation. The design life is 12 years, suitable for outdoor scenarios such as solar street lighting, traffic signals, off-grid photovoltaic systems, etc.

Solar photovoltaic energy storage system

Colloidal batteries are one of the common energy storage options for solar power generation systems, suitable for household photovoltaic energy storage, off-grid power stations, and wind-solar hybrid street lights, among other scenarios. Their maintenance-free feature and wide temperature adaptability ensure reliable performance even in harsh weather conditions with large temperature differences and continuous rainy days. The fully sealed structure can completely avoid ecological pollution risks during the construction of photovoltaic power stations. Some colloidal battery products are specifically designed for solar power stations, communication base stations, and traffic signal systems, using silica fume gel electrolyte to eliminate the risk of acid liquid stratification.

Communication base stations and data centers

Communication base stations and data centers are the traditional core application fields of gel batteries. As backup power sources, they provide long-term power support for base stations, UPS in machine rooms, and network equipment, ensuring smooth communication. Their self-discharge rate is extremely low and their maintenance-free feature is outstanding. They can be selected for long-term floating charge backup scenarios in key communication hubs, base stations, etc., as well as hybrid power supply systems in areas without power supply or with harsh power grids. In terms of production processes, their volatile organic compound emissions can be significantly reduced compared to traditional processes, which is in line with the requirements of green building certification in high-end application scenarios such as data centers.

Remote areas and off-grid power supply

Colloidal batteries play an irreplaceable role in areas not covered by the power grid, covering four core areas: Firstly, providing electricity for people's daily lives in remote areas, such as mountainous regions, pastoral areas, and islands; Secondly, supplying power for outdoor operations, including mining, oil and gas field exploration, outdoor construction, and forest fire monitoring; Thirdly, providing emergency power supply to cope with power grid disruptions caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods; Fourthly, supplying power for special scenarios, such as border defense outposts and monitoring equipment in ecological protection areas.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply and Security System

Colloidal batteries are widely used in UPS/EPS uninterruptible power supplies, emergency lighting, power DC screens, security monitoring, etc. They are suitable for computer emergency backup power supplies and have excellent durability and stability, capable of operating normally in various harsh environments. Due to the use of a fully sealed maintenance-free design, they are particularly suitable for places with extremely high requirements for power reliability, such as computer rooms and financial securities.

Industry, commerce and large-scale energy storage stations

The gel battery energy storage system is also applicable to industrial and commercial energy storage and large-scale energy storage stations. Based on large-capacity 2V gel batteries (with capacity ranging from 500Ah to 3000Ah), it can be flexibly connected and networked, suitable for large-scale energy storage stations, data centers, power DC screens and other scenarios. In 2026, the first 100-megawatt-level gel phosphor-lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery demonstration project in Jiangmen was officially started, with a total investment of over 500 million yuan and a total installed capacity of 200MW/400MWh. This marks an important step for gel battery technology to enter the field of large-capacity grid-side energy storage. The project innovatively integrates the high safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries with the stability of gel electrolyte technology. After completion, it will become a key node in the power grid dispatching system, effectively supporting the large-scale grid connection and efficient consumption of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power.

Electric Vehicles and Special Applications

Colloidal batteries are commonly found in electric vehicles such as forklifts, golf carts, and sanitation cleaning vehicles, and are suitable for frequent deep discharges. They are also applied in high-end fields such as maritime navigation, railway signaling, aviation signaling, and medical equipment, showing significant advantages in scenarios with vibration, high and low temperatures, or difficult maintenance.